What type of lubrication system is most common in modern engines?

The dry sump lubrication system is most commonly used in modern high-performance engines for a variety of reasons. In this system, oil is stored in a separate tank rather than in the crankcase, which allows for a more consistent and reliable supply of oil to the engine components. The dry sump setup enables the engine to maintain optimal oil levels regardless of the vehicle's orientation, which is particularly beneficial in high-speed and high-G force situations.

The design of a dry sump system typically includes multiple scavenge pumps that retrieve oil from the engine and return it to the storage tank, ensuring that oil does not pool in low spots, which can occur in a wet sump system. This promotes better lubrication and cooling, as well as reducing the risk of engine oil starvation during aggressive driving conditions.

Furthermore, the separation of the oil tank from the engine allows for a more efficient design that minimizes windage losses, whereby moving crankshaft components can create drag on the oil, leading to increased friction and decreased performance. Because of these advantages, dry sump lubrication systems are preferred in high-performance racing engines, aircraft turbines, and other applications where reliability and performance under extreme conditions are critical.